Voltage Reference Standard. Voltage references vary widely in performance. To do that electronics must be able to map real world measurements speed pressure length temperature to a measurable quantity in the electronics world voltage.
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Voltage references are used in power supplies analog to digital converters digital to analog converters and other measurement and control systems. That standard is a voltage reference. It is an intrinsic standard in the sense that it does not depend on any physical artifact.
Voltage references are used in power supplies analog to digital converters digital to analog converters and other measurement and control systems.
A voltage reference is an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed voltage irrespective of the loading on the device power supply variations temperature changes and the passage of time. A regulator for a computer power supply may only hold its value to within a few percent of the nominal valu. A josephson voltage standard is a complex system that uses a superconducting integrated circuit chip operating at a temperature of 4 k to generate stable voltages that depend only on an applied frequency and fundamental constants. It is the most accurate method to generate or measure voltage and by international agreement in 1990 is the basis for voltage standards around the world.
